Sustainability is the long-term goal. It is where humanity needs to be in order to ensure its survival in the long-term.
Then, sustainable development is what the world needs to do to achieve Sustainability. It refers to the many processes and pathways that will ensure that the world meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
And finally, the sustainable development goals, also known as the SDGs or Agenda 2030, is how the world is putting what we need to do into actionable steps to achieve Sustainability.
So while Sustainable can be seen as the “Where”, Sustainable Development is the “What” and the Sustainable Development Goals are the “How”.